What is multi-factor authentication?

Multi-factor authentication (often called MFA)...

Multi-factor authentication (often called MFA) is a security method that requires you to prove your identity in two or more different ways before you can log in to an account or system.

Instead of just entering a password, MFA combines multiple “factors” from different categories:

The three main types of factors

1. Something you know

   • Password
   • PIN

2. Something you have

   • A phone (to receive a code via SMS or an app like Google Authenticator)
   • A security key or smart card

3. Something you are

   • Fingerprint
   • Face recognition

Example of MFA in action

When you log into your email:

1. You enter your password (something you know)
2. Then you receive a one-time code on your phone and enter it (something you have)

Only after both steps are completed do you gain access.

Why it’s important

Passwords alone can be stolen or guessed. MFA adds an extra layer of protection, making it much harder for someone to break into your account, even if they know your password.

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